Sách học Ngữ pháp tiếng Pháp – A Student Grammar of French – PDF

Sách học Ngữ pháp tiếng Pháp – A Student Grammar of French – Malcolm offoxd – file PDF. je = I first person singular; tu = you second person singular; il = he/it; elle = she; vous = you.

Sách học Ngữ pháp tiếng Pháp – A Student Grammar of French: tập hợp những điểm ngữ pháp cơ bản nhất của tiếng Pháp. Nếu bạn không chỉ dừng ở mức học giao tiếp mà muốn nghiên cứu tiếng Pháp sâu hơn về khía cạnh học thuật thì đây là quyển sách bạn cần.

Sách học Ngữ pháp tiếng Pháp – A Student Grammar of French – PDF

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je = I ____________first person singular

tu = you__________second person singular

il = he/it__________third person singular

elle = she_________third person singular

on = one__________third person singular

nous = we ________first person plural

vous = you ________second person plural (also used to indicate a single person in a polite manner)

ils = they__________third person plural

elles = they________third person plural

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Zero article

In many cases, nouns are not preceded by a determiner. We have already seen this with
nouns in apposition, names of profession following etre ˆ , etc; see 254. This state of affairs may be described as involving the zero article. Apart from those already mentioned, the most common circumstances are the following

noun + preposition + noun

The prepositions most frequently used in this way are –
a`
une carte a m ` emoire ´ = memory card
une cuillere ` a` cafe´ = tea spoon
une imprimante a` jet d’encre = ink-jet printer
une planche a v ` oile = wind-surfer
une robe a v ` olants = flounced dress

Sách học Ngữ pháp tiếng Pháp – A Student Grammar of French – PDF

de
la gestion de patrimoine = personal portfolio management
un placement d’attente = short-term investment
une robe d’et ´ e´ = summer dress
une salle de bains = bathroom
une tasse de cafe´ = cup of coffee
en
une chemise en coton = a cotton shirt
un escalier en colimac¸on = spiral staircase
un mouchoir en papier = paper handkerchief
une occasion en or = golden opportunity
un toit en ardoise = slate roof
sous
la mise sous cloche = putting on the back-burner

past participle + noun

Une table decor ´ ee de fleurs ´ = a table decorated with flowers
Une action depourvue de sens ´ = an action without any meaning
Un champ entoure d ´ e barbeles ´ = a field surrounded with barbed wire
Habille d ´ e jeans = wearing jeans
Une cave remplie de bons vins = a cellar full of good wine

adverbial expressions consisting of preposition + noun

a g ` auche / a` droite = on the left / on the right
a` portee de main ´ = within reach
avec difficulte´ = with difficulty
avec plaisir = with pleasure
en et ´ e´ = in summer
en route = on the way
par insouciance = out of carelessness
par minute = per minute

Sách học Ngữ pháp tiếng Pháp – A Student Grammar of French – PDF

sans effort = effortlessly
sans hesitation ´ = without hesitation
sans pitie´ = without pity
When the noun is qualified in some way, the indefinite article is used –
par une insouciance incroyable = with unbelievable carelessness
avec un plaisir considerable ´ = with considerable pleasure
However, with grand, the zero article is often retained –
avec grande difficulte´ = with great difficulty
set phrases
avoir besoin = to need
avoir faim = to be hungry
avoir honte = to be ashamed
avoir sommeil = to be tired
demander pardon = to ask for forgiveness
faire defaut ´ = to be lacking
faire plaisir = to give pleasure

rendre service = to help
tenir tete ˆ = to defy

Sách học Ngữ pháp tiếng Pháp – A Student Grammar of French – PDF

When des becomes de

1 When a plural adjective precedes the noun

DE belles opportunites peuvent faire na ´ ıtre DE beaux projets ˆ = good
opportunities can produce good projects
Il y a DE simples regles pour ` eviter ces malaises ´ = there are some simple rules to
avoid such discomfort
DE jolis pulls en coton = pretty cotton jumpers
Les Belges fabriquent D’excellents chocolats = the Belgians make excellent
chocolates
Les bacteries b ´ en ´ efiques que contient le yaourt chassent D’ ´ eventuelles ´
bacteries n ´ efastes ´ = the beneficial bacteria in yoghurt eliminate possible harmful bacteria
However, when the adjective and noun are regularly used together and form a sort of
unit in themselves, this rule does not apply –
Il y avait DES jeunes filles qui attendaient que le groupe de rock quitte le
batiment ˆ = there were some girls waiting for the rock group to leave the building
Apporte-moi DES petits pois = get me some peas
Il fait DES petits pains aux grains de pavot = he makes bread rolls with poppy seeds
But if an evaluative adjective precedes the noun as well, the rule is reapplied –
Il fait DE magnifiques petits pains aux grains de pavot = he makes fantastic bread
rolls with poppy seeds
In ordinary speech the rule is less and less often observed.

2 Preposition de + indefinite or partitive article des

Quite often grammatical logic would require a combination of the preposition de and the
indefinite or partitive article des. In such circumstances, the article and the preposition
coalesce to form a single de –
Decorez DE framboises, DE feuilles de menthe ´ = decorate with strawberries and mint
leaves
La combinaison d’un regime alimentaire et DE soins hebdomadaires la ´
seduisent ´ = she is delighted by the combination of a diet and weekly care
Cette rep ´ etition annuelle D’inondations d ´ esastreuses am ´ ene ` a` s’interroger
sur leur origine = this annual event of disastrous floods prompts us to think about what causes them
Pour avoir autant DE ben ´ efices que dans un yaourt nature, il faudrait que ´
vous consommiez deux flacons DE lait = to have the same amount of calcium as in a
natural yogurt, you would have to consume two cartons of milk

Sách học Ngữ pháp tiếng Pháp – A Student Grammar of French – PDF

This only applies to the preposition de; with others, the indefinite article appears in its
full form –
L’utilisation de ce bon pour un autre achat que celui mentionne´ donnera
lieu a` DES poursuites = the use of this coupon for a purchase other than that stated will lead to legal proceedings being taken
Grace ˆ a` DES propriet ´ es remarquables, il agit l ´ a o ` u` est le probleme ` = thanks
to remarkable properties, it acts where the problem lies
Je travaille sur DES nouvelles que j’espere bien publier ` = I’m working on some
stories which I’m very hopeful of being able to publish

3 After quantifiers and similar expressions

Expressions of quantity involved are – assez = enough, autant = as much, as many,
beaucoup = many, much, a lot of, combien = how much, how many, moins = less, peu =
little, few, un peu = a little, plus = more, tant = as much, so much, as many, so many, trop
= too much, too many.
Other expressions denote the idea of grouping objects or people together, of describing
quantities of anything.
Beaucoup D’etudiants aimeraient leur propre voiture ´ = lots of students would like
their own car
Une trentaine DE potiers, D’artisans, D’artistes de renom et de talent =
about thirty well-known and talented potters, craftsmen and artists
J’ai pris deux mois DE vacances = I took two months’ holiday
Bon nombre DE soldats libyens seront formes par des instructeurs italiens ´
= a large number of Libyan soldiers will be trained by Italian instructors
Des tonnes DE dechets s’accumulent tous les jours ´ = tons of rubbish pile up every
day
Vous pouvez emporter de jolies boıtes DE galettes bretonnes ˆ = you can take
away pretty boxes of Breton galettes
Certaines associations D’aveugles se focalisent sur un seul metier ´ = certain
organisations for blind people concentrate on a single profession
Exceptions – bien des = many, encore des = still more
It should be pointed out that when any of the quantifiers mentioned above are
combined with the definite articles, the de contracts with the article to becomes
des –

Sách học Ngữ pháp tiếng Pháp – A Student Grammar of French – PDFBeaucoup DES investissements promis n’ont pas vu le jour = many of the
promised investments did not see the light of day
La fourmi electrique est tellement agressive qu’elle menace beaucoup DES ´
ecosyst ´ emes fragiles du pays ` = the electric ant is so aggressive that it threatens many of the country’s fragile ecosystems

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